Techniques

 Goodwin’s theory suggests that the video amplifies, illustrates or contradict the lyrics and the music. It also says that close-up should always be included because their important especially when it’s a video of a band  there will be a close-up of their instruments  and each genre should have their own musical style and iconography such as punk music has the band members playing their instruments , skinny jeans, converse, spiky hair, mohawks in their videos. Also the band or artist might want to start their own star image by developing star iconography. Goodwin says that a female performer is often objectified mainly for display purposes through a combination of camera shots and editing to show sexualised actions of the star, for example ‘only girl’ by Rihanna  there is lots of close ups of the star showing sexualised actions because it’s a selling point.